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B. SEMI-INDEPENDENT ORDERS
1. Alcantara[21] (formerly San Julian del Pereiro incorporated with Alcantara 1222) Founded: the two brothers Don Suero and Don Gómez Fernández Barrientos. Under protection of King Ferdinand II of Leon with name of San Julian del Pereiro 1175. Approved by Pope Alexander III 1177. Protecting Authority: The Crown of Spain[22]. Ribbon: Green. Grand Master, Perpetual Administrator by Apostolic Authority: H.M. Juan Carlos, King of Spain (b. 1938). President of the Council of the Four Spanish Military Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, Alcantara and Montesa: H.R.H. Infante Don Carlos de Borbón Dos Sicilias y Borbón, Duke of Calabria (b. 1938).
2. Calatrava[23] Founded: Abbot Ramon de Sierra and a group Monks, who became knights 1157. Under protection of King Sancho III of Castille 1158. Approved by Pope Alexander III 1164. Protecting Authority: The Crown of Spain[24]. Ribbon: Red. Grand Master, Perpetual Administrator by Apostolic Authority: H.M. Juan Carlos, King of Spain (b. 1938). President of the Council of the Four Spanish Military Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, Alcantara and Montesa: H.R.H. Infante Don Carlos de Borbón Dos Sicilias y Borbón, Duke of Calabria (b. 1938).
3. Santiago[25] Founded: Pedro Fernández de Fuenteencalada and 12 knights about 1161. Under protection of King Fernando II of León 1170. Approved by Pope Alexander III 1175. Protecting Authority: The Crown of Spain[26]. Ribbon: Red. Grand Master, Perpetual Administrator by Apostolic Authority: H.M. Juan Carlos, King of Spain (b. 1938). President of the Council of the Four Spanish Military Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, Alcantara and Montesa: H.R.H. Infante Don Carlos de Borbón Dos Sicilias y Borbón, Duke of Calabria (b. 1938).
4. The Teutonic Order of Saint Mary of Jerusalem[27] Founded: 19 November 1190, Holy Land [28]. Protecting Authority: The Holy See. Ribbon: Black and white. Grand Master: The Most Reverend Abbot Dr. Bruno Platter, O.T. (elected in 2000).
5. The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order in the Netherlands Founded: 1249/ rejected the jurisdiction of Mergentheim 1581/ revival 8 August 1815. Protecting Authority: The Crown of the Netherlands. Ribbon: Black and white. Landcommander: P.A. Baron van der Borgh tot Verwolde (elected in 1977).
6. Montesa[29] (united in 1400 with Saint George d’Alfamo founded 1201) Founded: King Jaime II of Aragon 1312. Approved by Pope John XXII 1317. Protecting Authority: The Crown of Spain[30]. Ribbon: Red. Grand Master, Perpetual Administrator by Apostolic Authority: H.M. Juan Carlos, King of Spain (b. 1938). President of the Council of the Four Spanish Military Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, Alcantara and Montesa: H.R.H. Infante Don Carlos de Borbón Dos Sicilias y Borbón, Duke of Calabria (b. 1938).
7. Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Knightly Order of Saint John in Prussia[31] Founded: 1332/1852. Protecting Authority: Government of the Federal Republic of Germany. Ribbon: Black. Head styled Herrenmeister: H.R.H. Prince Oskar of Prussia (b. 1959) (elected in 1999).
8. The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem[32] Founded: 1831/1888. Protecting Authority: The Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Ribbon: Black. Sovereign Head: H.M. Queen Elizabeth II (b. 1926). Grand Prior: H.R.H. The Duke of Gloucester (b. 1944).
9. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem[33] Founded: 24 January 1847 (revival)/1868. Protecting Authority: The Holy See. Ribbon: Black (Order of the Cross of Merit: White and red; The Palms of Jerusalem: Black). Grand Master: H.Em. Cardinal E. John Foley (b. 1935).
10. The Knightly Order of Saint John in the Netherlands[34] Founded: 1909/1946. Protecting Authority: The Crown of the Netherlands. Ribbon: Black. Commander of Honour: H.M. Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (b. 1938). Landcommander: †H.R.H. Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (b. 1911).
11. The Knightly Order of Saint John in Sweden[35] Founded: 1920. Protecting Authority: The Crown of Sweden. Ribbon: Black edged white. High Patron: H.M. Carl XVI Gustav, King of Sweden (b. 1946).
[21] Today the Order is obliged to be inscribed in the General Register of Associations under the laws of the Kingdom of Spain. [22] Under Charles V, Adrian VI annexed to the Crown of Spain the three great military Orders (Alcantara, Calatrava, and Santiago) with hereditary transmission even in the female line (1522). Thenceforth the three Orders were united under one government, though their titles and possessions remained separate. To discharge the detail of this administration, Charles V instituted a special ministry, the Council of Orders, composed of a president named by the king, whom he represented, and six knights, two delegates from each Order. To this council belonged the presentation of knights to vacant commanderies and jurisdiction in all matters, civil or ecclesiastical, save the purely spiritual cases reserved for ecclesiastical dignitaries. In 1587 Montesa was also united to the crown. [23] See note number 21. [24] See note number 22. [25] See note number 21. [26] See note number 22. [27] Usually Ordo Fratrum Domus Hospitalis Sanctae Mariae Teutonicorum in Jerusalem. [28] By the merchants of the Hanseatic League of Bremen and Lübeck to provide hospital services for the pilgrims and the crusaders who fell ill. The Statute was recognised by Pope Celestine III in 1196. Abolished by Napoleon I in 1809, it was re-established by Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria in 1834. In 1929 it renounced its status as an order of chivalry and became a religious one. [29] See note number 28. [30] See note number 29. [31] Grand Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Order of the Knights of St. John of the Hospital of Jerusalem. An autonomous Protestant Order, originally established in the German states in 1332. Also known as the Johanniterorden or Evangelical Order of St. John. In the 16th century, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Order became Protestant, under the protection of the Margraves of Brandenburg, who were to become kings of Prussia. The Bailiwick continued to maintain friendly relations with the Sovereign Order of Malta and occasionally paid responsia. In 1811 it was suppressed by the king of Prussia who founded the Royal Prussian Order of St. John as an Order of merit the following year. In 1852 that Order was abolished and the Bailiwick of Brandenburg was refounded on the basis of the surviving pre-1811 members. In 1918, after the fall of the monarchy, it was separated from the State and became independent, although it is still recognised and regulated in legislation of the German Federal Republic (most recently in 1994 and 2001). It is present in Austria, Belgium, Australia, Canada, the United States and many other nations, and also works in Germany with hospitals and senior nursing homes. It collaborates with the Sovereign Order of Malta in providing an important ambulance service. It has independent affiliations in Finland, France, Hungary and Switzerland. [32]
The Order of St. John settled in the British Isles in the 12th century
and, except for a short period during the reign of Queen Mary, it ceased
to exist under Henry VIII. The Venerable Order developed after an unsuccessful
attempt to restore the Order of St. John in the United Kingdom in 1830.
It was only in 1870 that it was established as a humanitarian foundation.
In 1888 the Order was recognised by Queen Victoria not as a State Order
but as an Order of the Crown. It is very well known today for its ambulance
services, active in many countries, for the ophthalmic hospital in Jerusalem
and its first-aid and nursing services. The Venerable Order has priories
and associations in some 40, mostly English-speaking, countries. [34] The Order of St. John began to spread across the Netherlands in the 12th century. As the Prussian king suppressed the Bailiwick of Brandenburg in 1811, a number of Dutch members took part in the refoundation of the Bailiwick in 1852. In 1909 a Commandery was created in the Kingdom of Holland. In 1946 the Commandery separated from the German Order and was annexed to the Dutch Crown, but not as a State Order. [35] The Order of St. John settled in Scandinavia in the 12th century and remained active until the Reformation, when it was suppressed and its property taken over by the kings of Denmark-Norway and Sweden. The new Swedish Order of St. John was initially organised as a Commandery of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg in 1920 but under the protection of the Swedish Crown. It became independent from the German Order in 1946, with the king of Sweden first as Master and now as Protector. Today this Order provides care for the elderly and the sick and collaborates with Swedish hospitals, with charitable organisations and with Christian communities. It is also involved in international activities in favour of refugees and political prisoners. EDITORIAL NOTES
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